Kent_Bio30_Review

= Review  ﻿ = · ADP (adenosine diphosphate) is the compound that remains when a phosphate group is transferred from ATP to a cell reaction site requiring energy input. · Chains of amino acids are called poly peptide chains. · Enzyme – A protein or part-protein molecule made by an organism and used as a catalyst in a specific bio-chemical reaction. · The greenhouse effect – When heat released from the sun is stuck in the atmosphere because of greenhouse gasses, heating the globe. · Prokaryotes: o Extremely small one-celled organisms. o Prokaryotes are all different sizes; Rickettsia are the smallest known cells. o Most prokaryotes have rigid cell walls made of lipids, carbohydrates, and protein. o Inside the cell wall is a plasma membrane that encloses the cell contents. o Prokaryotes have one main chromosome which is made of a continuous, circular molecule of double-stranded DNA. o Can reproduce asexually o As a group can digest anything · Mitochondria – The cell organelles in eukaryotic cells that carry on cellular respiration, releasing energy from food molecules and storing it in ATP. · Ribosome’s – a cell organelle constructed in the nucleus, consisting of two subunits and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. · Concentration Gradient – a difference in the concentration of certain molecules over a distance. · Active transport – the movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins. · Passive transport – What kents truck does to get him places.( AKA, it does nothing.) the diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane by means of a transport protein. · Replication – the process of making a copy of the chromosome in a cell nucleus. · Gamete – a sex cell, either an egg or sperm formed by meiosis. · Zygote – the diploid product of the union of haploid gametes in conception; a fertilized egg. · Menstrual cycle – The female reproductive cycle that is characterized by regularly recurring changes in the uterine lining. · Gastrula – an early embryo at the stage when infolding of cells from the outside occurs. · Blastula – An early embryonic form produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consisting of a spherical layer of cells surrounding a fluid-filled cavity.
 * Unit || Subunits ||
 * Carbohydrates || Simple sugars ||
 * Fats || Glycerol (a simple sugar) and fatty acids ||
 * Proteins || Amino acid ||
 * Nucleic acid || Nucleotides ||