Edain's_Bio30_Review

=﻿Chapter 4= Definitions 1. Photosynthesis- The process plants use to synthesize and store sugars. 2. ATP-Adenosine Triphosphate. Used by cells to store energy. Contains 3 phosphate groups. ADP-Adenosine Diphosphate. What remains after the energy of an ATP is expended. 3. Carbohydrates-sugars, starches, glycogens and cellulose. 4. Fats-Cells containing twice the energy of carbohydrates. 5. DNA-Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Hereditary material that makes up the genes. 6. Enzyme-A protein molecule used as a catalyst in some biochemical reactions. 7. Protein-organic compound formed from polypeptide chains of amino acid. Constitutes most of a cells structure. 8. Amino Acids-the basis of protein. 9. Prokaryotes-The most basic form of life: bacteria. 10. Eukaryotes-More advanced forms of life: everything living besides bacteria. 11.Chlorophyll-Converets light energy into chemical energy. 12. Cellular Respiration-The process cells use to turn sugars into energy. 13. Nucleic Acids-The basis of DNA and RNA. 14. Synthesis-To create something. 15. pH Scale-A scale measuring how acidic something.

1. Every cell has a nucleus, containing its DNA 2. An electrically charged particle, positive or negative, is an __**ion**__ 5. All organisms are organized systems. The cells must constantly expend energy to keep the body like this. When an organism becomes too disorganized, it dies. 6. All life on Earth, directly or indirectly, gets energy from the sun
 * 3.** Reactions that build compounds are __**Synthesis Reactions**__. Reactions that destroy compounds are __**Decomposition Reactions**__
 * 4. __Catalysts__** are substance that speed up reactions at a lower temperature.

Predator--Prey--Plants---Sun
7. Cells use __**cellular respiration**__ to release energy from food. Catalysts must be used so the body doesn't burn up. 8. __**Enzymes**__ align __**substrates**__, the materials in a chemical reaction. 9. Amino Acids make up proteins 10. Sugars have a chemical make up of equal amounts of carbon and oxygen, with twice as much hydrogen. CnH2nOn

11. __**Carbohydrates**__ are made up of sugar compounds. 12. **__Lipids__**(fats) are made up of **__Glycerol__**(single sugars) and __**F****atty Acids**__. 13. DNA(Deoxyribonecleic Acids) and RNA(Ribonucleic Acids) are made up of Nucleic Acids. 14. Plants use photosynthesis to make their own food.

=﻿Chapter 5=

Definitions
1.Organelles- Organs for a cell, equivalent to organs in a complex being. 2.Chromosomes- a group of genes found in the nucleus of all eukaryote cells 3.Chloroplasts- All photosynthesis reations occur in the chloroplasts 4.Mitochondria- Most cellular respiration happens here. 5.Centriols- Duplicate 6.Lysosomes- 7.Vacuoles- 8.Cytoskeleton- 9.Plasma Membrane- 10.Golgi Apparatus- 11.Endoplasmic Reticulum- 12.Metabolism- 13.Diffusion- The movement of a material down the concentration gradient. 14.Cell Cycle- an ordered sequence of events in a cells life. 15.Mitosis- The division of non-gamete cells in the body. 16.Meiosis- The division of gamete cells.